@article{362, author = {Edward Schrom and Stuart Feldman and Carl T. Bergstrom and Stephanie Forrest and Andrea L. Graham and Simon A. Levin and Ann Kinzig and Carlos Castillo-Chavez and Adam Doupé and James P. Collins and Rob J. de Boer and Mohit Tiwari and Roya Ensafi and Charles Perrings and J. Alex Halderman and Silvie Huijben and Bryan T. Grenfell and Melanie Moses and Carlo Maley and Jennifer Rexford and Alan S. Perelson and Joshua Plotkin}, title = {Challenges in cybersecurity: Lessons from biological defense systems}, abstract = {we present a conceptual framework for structured comparisons across the fields of biological immunity and cybersecurity, by framing the context of defense, considering different (combinations of) defensive strategies, and evaluating defensive performance. Throughout this paper, we pose open questions for further exploration. We hope to spark the interdisciplinary discovery of general principles of optimal defense, which can be understood and applied in biological immunity, cybersecurity, and other defensive realms.}, year = {2023}, journal = {Elsevier BV}, month = {2023-08}, issn = {0025-5564}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025556423000652}, doi = {10.1016/j.mbs.2023.109024}, note = {Across evolved biological immunity and engineered cybersecurity, we find meaningful parallels in how the defensive contexts are framed, strategies chosen, and performance evaluated. Especially as technological advances allow these two defensive systems to resemble one another more closely, we believe that carefully drawn analogies between these systems can reveal general principles of defensive design to protect against unpredictable attacks. Lists of proposed principles already exist in some fields , but their generality across systems has not been examined in depth, either theoretically or practically. We hope the open questions articulated above will spark collaborative study, whether by sharing data and analytical techniques or constructing theoretical models. Finally, as general defensive design principles emerge, we hope to see them vetted and successfully deployed in other realms, such as national defense against domestic and international terrorism, and public health defense against zooneses and epidemics.}, }