01250nas a2200181   4500000000100000008004100001260000900042100002000051700002000071700001800091700001800109700001700127700001700144245006800161856006600229520075900295022001401054       2015                            d  c20151 aJulie L. Marble1 aMyriam Abramson1 aW. F. Lawless1 aRanjeev Mittu1 aCiara Sibley1 aJoseph Coyne00aThe Human Factor in Cybersecurity: Robust & Intelligent Defense  uhttps://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-14039-1_93 awe review the pervasiveness of cyber threats and the roles of both attackers and cyber users (i.e. the targets of the attackers); the lack of awareness of cyber-threats by users; the complexity of the new cyber environment, including cyber risks; engineering approaches and tools to mitigate cyber threats; and current research to identify proactive steps that users and groups can take to reduce cyber-threats. In addition, we review the research needed on the psychology of users that poses risks to users from cyber-attacks. For the latter, we review the available theory at the individual and group levels that may help individual users, groups and organizations take actions against cyber threats. We end with future research needs and conclusions.   a1568-2633