01069nas a2200121   4500000000100000008004100001260001500042100002000057245008800077856007100165520069700236022001400933       2021                            d  c2021-01-011 aDennis Broeders00aPrivate active cyber defense and (international) cyber security—pushing the line?  uhttps://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article/7/1/tyab010/61999033 aPrivate sector Active Cyber Defence (ACD) lies on the intersection of domestic security and international security and is a recurring subject, often under the more provocative flag of ‘hack back’, in the American debate about cyber security. This article looks at the theory and practice of private cyber security provision and analyses in more detail a number of recent reports and publications on ACD by Washington DC based commissions and think tanks. Many of these propose legalizing forms of active cyber defence, in which private cyber security companies would be allowed to operate beyond their own, or their clients’ networks, and push beyond American law as it currently stands  a2057-2085