00741nas a2200109   4500000000100000008004100001260001500042100001700057245005500074856006600129520043600195       2017                            d  c2016-12-021 aNeil C. Rowe00aChallenges of Civilian Distinction in Cyberwarfare  uhttps://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-45300-2_33 aWe discuss ways in which an ostensibly military cyberattack could accidentally hit a civilian target. Civilian targets are easier to attack than military targets, and an adversary may be tempted to be careless in targeting. Dual-use targets are common in cyberspace since militaries frequently exploit civilian cyber infrastructure such as networks and common software, and hitting that infrastructure necessarily hurts civilians.