01886nas a2200133   4500000000100000008004100001260001500042100002100057700001800078245008600096856020200182520135400384022001401738       2022                            d  c2022-11-011 aLindsey Guenther1 aPaul Musgrave00aNew Questions for an Old Alliance: NATO in Cyberspace and American Public Opinion  uhttps://academic.oup.com/jogss/article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jogss/ogac024/46713424/ogac024.pdf?casa_token=h6oiB1ZMU4YAAAAA:7ab4YdnImquddi4hGfx6Jfx9fBEi0ZSneOxMMkSCka87vE8COdpacXOib1K6ssMXk9nXNLsqF26dehg3 aCybersecurity poses new questions for old alliances. These questions emerge with special force in the case of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The Russian Federation wields substantial cyber capabilities, but NATO members have been ambivalent about stating what sorts of attacks would trigger the North Atlantic Treaty's Article 5 collective self-defense provisions. Nevertheless, NATO officials state that there are some attacks that would trigger Article 5. This leads to a puzzle: why would an explicit alliance guarantee designed to ensure collective defense against certain forms of attack be informally extended to include others? Because the policy of the United States toward such questions will likely be of great significance in determining NATO policy, we use a series of survey experiments to test American public opinion regarding support for defending allies and friendly countries against cyber operations. Respondents are likelier to support a response to an attack that causes fatalities and when the victim has a treaty alliance with the United States. In contrast, support falls if US participation is likely to provoke further retaliation or the target attacked is civilian rather than military.  © 2022 The Author(s) (2022). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Studies Association.  a2057-3170